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Sand Casting
在全部铸件产量中，60～70%的铸件是用砂型生产的，而且其中70%左右是用粘土砂型生产的。主要原因是砂型铸造较之其它铸造方法成本低、生产工艺简单、生产周期短。所以像汽车的发动机气缸体、气缸盖、曲轴等铸件都是用粘土湿型砂工艺生产的。当湿型不能满足要求时再考虑使用粘土砂表干砂型、干砂型或其它砂型。粘土湿型砂铸造的铸件重量可从几公斤直到几十公斤，而粘土干型生产的铸件可重达几十吨。
Of all castings, 60-70% are produced by sand moulds, and about 70% are produced by clay sand moulds. The main reason is that sand casting has lower cost, simpler production process and shorter production cycle than other casting methods. So the castings such as engine cylinder block, cylinder head and crankshaft of automobiles are produced by clay green sand technology. When the wet moulds can not meet the requirements, then consider using clay sand surface dry sand moulds, dry sand moulds or other sand moulds. The casting weight of clay green sand casting can range from several kilograms to tens of kilograms, while that of clay dry casting can reach tens of tons.
一般来讲，对于中、大型铸件，铸铁件可以用树脂自硬砂型、铸钢件可以用水玻璃砂型来生产，可以获得尺寸精确、表面光洁的铸件，但成本较高。
Generally speaking, for medium and large castings, iron castings can be produced by resin self-hardening sand mold and steel castings can be produced by sodium silicate sand mold. Castings with precise size and smooth surface can be obtained, but the cost is high.
当然，砂型铸造生产的铸件精度、表面光洁度、材质的密度和金相组织、机械性能等方面往往较差，所以当铸件的这些性能要求更高时，应该采用其它铸造方法，例如熔模（失蜡）铸造、压铸、低压铸造等等。
Of course, the casting precision, surface finish, material density, metallographic structure and mechanical properties of sand casting are often poor, so when these properties of castings are required to be higher, other casting methods should be adopted, such as investment casting (wax loss) casting, die casting, low pressure casting and so on.gangguanpe.jk56.org   tushuguann.jk56.org   tusuguan.jk56.org  reyajii.jk56.org   reyaji.jk56.org    guolvwang.jk56.org